Answer:

To accurately identify parrots, we need to observe the following distinguishing characteristics:

1. Crown Color: The Red-crowned Parrot features a bright red patch on its forehead and crown, which is more extensive than the lilac-colored crown of the Lilac-crowned Parrot (Amazona finschi). The Lilac-crowned Parrot’s purple or lilac-colored crown is restricted to a smaller area and does not extend as far forward. Clearly this is not a photo of a Yellow-headed Parrot (Amazona oratrix) which has a striking bright yellow head, which covers the entire head and extends to the neck.

2. Cheek and Nape Coloration: The Red-crowned Parrot has green cheeks and a mostly green nape, with minimal variation in color. In contrast, the Lilac-crowned Parrot displays a distinct maroon or lilac coloration that extends from the crown to the back of the head.

3. Size and Shape: Both species are similar in size, but the Red-crowned Parrot has a stockier build and a shorter, blunter tail, which can be observed in flight with the right view.

4. Geographic Range: While both species are found in Southern California, the Red-crowned Parrot is more commonly seen in urban areas like Pasadena.

These features help us differentiate the two likely Parrot species, and we can confidently identify this photo as a Red-crowned Parrot (Amazona viridigenalis).

Congratulations to Riley, Charles, and Ben for figuring out Red-crowned Parrot!